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e2f1 expression vector e2f1 ha (Addgene inc)

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Addgene inc e2f1 expression vector e2f1 ha
E2f1 Expression Vector E2f1 Ha, supplied by Addgene inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 39 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 94 stars, based on 39 article reviews

e2f1 expression vector e2f1 ha - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06

94/100 stars

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Figure 2. Role of E2F1 in regulating the proliferation of PMCs. (A) The expression of E2F1-3 in palatal shelves on E12, E13 and E14 determined by Westernblot; Blots were cropped for figure construction. (B) Expression of E2F1-3 on E13.5 was measured by immunohistochemical staining (left panel, magnification ×100). The positive rate of E2F1 and E2F3 in palatal shelves was significantly higher than E2F2 (right panel, n = 6, *P < 0.01). (C) MTT assay showing the growth curve of PMCs with or without E2F1 knockdown. Values are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments in each group. *P < 0.01. (D) Left panel: immunofluorescence staining of Ki-67 and E2F1 in PMCs. Right panel: the quantification of Ki67 and E2F1 double positive cells. *P < 0.01.

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: An E2F1/MiR-17-92 Negative Feedback Loop mediates proliferation of Mouse Palatal Mesenchymal Cells.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05479-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Role of E2F1 in regulating the proliferation of PMCs. (A) The expression of E2F1-3 in palatal shelves on E12, E13 and E14 determined by Westernblot; Blots were cropped for figure construction. (B) Expression of E2F1-3 on E13.5 was measured by immunohistochemical staining (left panel, magnification ×100). The positive rate of E2F1 and E2F3 in palatal shelves was significantly higher than E2F2 (right panel, n = 6, *P < 0.01). (C) MTT assay showing the growth curve of PMCs with or without E2F1 knockdown. Values are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments in each group. *P < 0.01. (D) Left panel: immunofluorescence staining of Ki-67 and E2F1 in PMCs. Right panel: the quantification of Ki67 and E2F1 double positive cells. *P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Vectors of shE2F1 (Origene TG509487), shSCR (vectors against a scrambled sequence, negative control (Origene TR30013), and E2F1 expression vectors (Addgene plasmid 10736) were transfected into PMCs with TurboFectin 8.0 (Origene, Rockville, MD, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, MTT Assay, Knockdown, Immunofluorescence

Figure 3. Positive regulation of miR-17-92 by E2F1. (A) The expression of miR-17-92 members in control and E2F1 overexpressing cells was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Values represent means ± SD. Error bars, SD. *P < 0.05. (B) To detect the direct regulation of E2F1 on miR-17-92, a ChIP assay was performed with 3 putative binding sites of E2F1 on the miR-17-92 promoter. Input DNA that was not enriched by immunoprecipitation was amplified as a positive control. The miR-106a ORF region was used as negative control. The gels were cropped for figure construction.

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: An E2F1/MiR-17-92 Negative Feedback Loop mediates proliferation of Mouse Palatal Mesenchymal Cells.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05479-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Positive regulation of miR-17-92 by E2F1. (A) The expression of miR-17-92 members in control and E2F1 overexpressing cells was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Values represent means ± SD. Error bars, SD. *P < 0.05. (B) To detect the direct regulation of E2F1 on miR-17-92, a ChIP assay was performed with 3 putative binding sites of E2F1 on the miR-17-92 promoter. Input DNA that was not enriched by immunoprecipitation was amplified as a positive control. The miR-106a ORF region was used as negative control. The gels were cropped for figure construction.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Binding Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Amplification, Positive Control, Negative Control

Figure 4. Negative regulation of E2F1 by miR-17-92. (A) The relative expression of E2F1-3 mRNA was evaluated by qPCR. Values represent means ± SD. Error bars, SD. *P < 0.05. (B) Protein levels of E2F1-3 were measured by Western blot analysis. GAPDH was used as the internal control. Blots were cropped for figure construction. (C) The location and sequences of predicted target sites in the 3′UTR of mouse E2F1 for miR- 17/20a. The seed sequences of miR-17/20a. The sequences of predicted target sites are conserved across species including human and mouse. (D) Luciferase assay was used to validate the predicted target sites of miR-17/20a on 3′UTR of E2F1. Data were presented as relative luciferase activities compared to normoxia after normalizing to Renilla luciferase activities. Experiments were performed in triplicate (*P < 0.05).

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: An E2F1/MiR-17-92 Negative Feedback Loop mediates proliferation of Mouse Palatal Mesenchymal Cells.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05479-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Negative regulation of E2F1 by miR-17-92. (A) The relative expression of E2F1-3 mRNA was evaluated by qPCR. Values represent means ± SD. Error bars, SD. *P < 0.05. (B) Protein levels of E2F1-3 were measured by Western blot analysis. GAPDH was used as the internal control. Blots were cropped for figure construction. (C) The location and sequences of predicted target sites in the 3′UTR of mouse E2F1 for miR- 17/20a. The seed sequences of miR-17/20a. The sequences of predicted target sites are conserved across species including human and mouse. (D) Luciferase assay was used to validate the predicted target sites of miR-17/20a on 3′UTR of E2F1. Data were presented as relative luciferase activities compared to normoxia after normalizing to Renilla luciferase activities. Experiments were performed in triplicate (*P < 0.05).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Luciferase

Figure 5. MiR-17-92 negatively regulates E2F1-induced cell cycle transition of PMCs. (A) MTT assay showing the role of miR-17-92 on the growth of PMCs. Values are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments in each group. *P < 0.01. (B) Cell cycle of PMCs transfected with miR-17-92 MI or miR SCR was analysed by flow cytometry. (C) Quantification analysis of cells in G0/G1 phase. Values are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments in each group. *P < 0.01. (D) Quantification analysis of cells in S phase. Values are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments in each group. *P < 0.01.

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: An E2F1/MiR-17-92 Negative Feedback Loop mediates proliferation of Mouse Palatal Mesenchymal Cells.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05479-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. MiR-17-92 negatively regulates E2F1-induced cell cycle transition of PMCs. (A) MTT assay showing the role of miR-17-92 on the growth of PMCs. Values are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments in each group. *P < 0.01. (B) Cell cycle of PMCs transfected with miR-17-92 MI or miR SCR was analysed by flow cytometry. (C) Quantification analysis of cells in G0/G1 phase. Values are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments in each group. *P < 0.01. (D) Quantification analysis of cells in S phase. Values are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments in each group. *P < 0.01.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Transfection, Flow Cytometry

Figure 6. Schematic cartoon illustrating the negative feedback loop between E2F1 and miR-17-92 and its regulation on the cell cycle of PMCs.

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: An E2F1/MiR-17-92 Negative Feedback Loop mediates proliferation of Mouse Palatal Mesenchymal Cells.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05479-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Schematic cartoon illustrating the negative feedback loop between E2F1 and miR-17-92 and its regulation on the cell cycle of PMCs.

Techniques:

(A–F) Triple staining of myosin-VI, Sox2 and EdU in Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2+/+ control (A–C) and Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental (D–F) samples given tamoxifen at P0 and P1 at the HC layer (A, D) and SC layer (B, E). (C, F) are artificial cross-section images in the YZ plane. Arrows in (E) and (F) point to the same EdU+/Sox2-negative IPC. Dashed lines in (C, F) represent the basilar membrane. (G–H′) Control (G) and experimental (H–H′) samples were stained with myosin VI, EdU, and BrdU. (G) and (H) are images taken at the HC layer and (H′) at the SC layer. Arrow in (H′) shows an EdU+/BrdU+ IPC. (I) Quantification of EdU+ IPCs in the entire cochlea of experimental samples given tamoxifen at P0 and P1, EdU at P2, and analyzed 6 hrs later or at P4.** p < 0.01 (n=3). OHCs: outer hair cells; IHC: inner hair cell; IPC: inner pillar cell; OPC: outer pillar cell; DCs: Deiters’ cells; IPHs: inner phalangeal cells. Scale Bars: 20 μm.

Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Regulation of p27 Kip1 by Sox2 maintains quiescence of inner pillar cells in the murine auditory sensory epithelium

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0686-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–F) Triple staining of myosin-VI, Sox2 and EdU in Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2+/+ control (A–C) and Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental (D–F) samples given tamoxifen at P0 and P1 at the HC layer (A, D) and SC layer (B, E). (C, F) are artificial cross-section images in the YZ plane. Arrows in (E) and (F) point to the same EdU+/Sox2-negative IPC. Dashed lines in (C, F) represent the basilar membrane. (G–H′) Control (G) and experimental (H–H′) samples were stained with myosin VI, EdU, and BrdU. (G) and (H) are images taken at the HC layer and (H′) at the SC layer. Arrow in (H′) shows an EdU+/BrdU+ IPC. (I) Quantification of EdU+ IPCs in the entire cochlea of experimental samples given tamoxifen at P0 and P1, EdU at P2, and analyzed 6 hrs later or at P4.** p < 0.01 (n=3). OHCs: outer hair cells; IHC: inner hair cell; IPC: inner pillar cell; OPC: outer pillar cell; DCs: Deiters’ cells; IPHs: inner phalangeal cells. Scale Bars: 20 μm.

Article Snippet: LacZ, E2F1 and Sox2 expression vectors were obtained from Addgene (plasmid 18816, 10736 and 13459).

Techniques: Staining, Control, Membrane

(A) Quantification of Sox2-negative and p27Kip1-negative IPCs at P2 in the entire cochlea of Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental mice injected with tamoxifen at P0 and P1. (B–B‴) Triple staining of Sox2, p27Kip1 and EdU in cochlear samples from experimental mice. Arrows point to the same EdU+/Sox2-negative/p27Kip1-negative IPC. Arrowheads point to the same Sox2-negative IPC that maintained faint expression of p27Kip1 and was EdU-negative, which is also visualized at a higher magnification (inset in B‴). (C–D‴) Double labeling of Sox2 and Prox1 in control Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2+/+ (C–C‴) and experimental Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp (D–D‴) samples. Images were visualized at confocal YZ plane. More IPCs were present in experimental (dashed circle in D′) than control groups. IPC: inner pillar cell; OPC: outer pillar cell; DCs: Deiters’ cells. Scale Bars: 20 μm.

Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Regulation of p27 Kip1 by Sox2 maintains quiescence of inner pillar cells in the murine auditory sensory epithelium

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0686-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Quantification of Sox2-negative and p27Kip1-negative IPCs at P2 in the entire cochlea of Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental mice injected with tamoxifen at P0 and P1. (B–B‴) Triple staining of Sox2, p27Kip1 and EdU in cochlear samples from experimental mice. Arrows point to the same EdU+/Sox2-negative/p27Kip1-negative IPC. Arrowheads point to the same Sox2-negative IPC that maintained faint expression of p27Kip1 and was EdU-negative, which is also visualized at a higher magnification (inset in B‴). (C–D‴) Double labeling of Sox2 and Prox1 in control Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2+/+ (C–C‴) and experimental Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp (D–D‴) samples. Images were visualized at confocal YZ plane. More IPCs were present in experimental (dashed circle in D′) than control groups. IPC: inner pillar cell; OPC: outer pillar cell; DCs: Deiters’ cells. Scale Bars: 20 μm.

Article Snippet: LacZ, E2F1 and Sox2 expression vectors were obtained from Addgene (plasmid 18816, 10736 and 13459).

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Expressing, Labeling, Control

(A–B″) Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2+/+ control (A–A″) and Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental (B–B″) samples given tamoxifen at P6 and P7 were stained with Sox2 and EdU. Each panel represents a single confocal slice taken at a different layer. (C) Artificial cross-section image visualized in the confocal YZ plane in experimental samples triple stained with Sox2, calbindin and EdU. (D) Quantification of Sox2-negative and p27Kip1-negative IPCs at P8 in the entire cochlea of experimental mice. (E–E‴) Experimental samples were triple stained with Sox2, p27Kip1 and EdU. Arrows point to the same EdU+/Sox2-negative/p27Kip1-negative IPC. Arrowheads point to the same Sox2-negative IPC that maintained expression of p27Kip1 and was EdU-negative. IPHs maintained normal Sox2 expression and were EdU-negative. IPC: inner pillar cell; OPC: outer pillar cell; DCs: Deiters’ cells. Scale Bars: 20 μm.

Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Regulation of p27 Kip1 by Sox2 maintains quiescence of inner pillar cells in the murine auditory sensory epithelium

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0686-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–B″) Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2+/+ control (A–A″) and Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental (B–B″) samples given tamoxifen at P6 and P7 were stained with Sox2 and EdU. Each panel represents a single confocal slice taken at a different layer. (C) Artificial cross-section image visualized in the confocal YZ plane in experimental samples triple stained with Sox2, calbindin and EdU. (D) Quantification of Sox2-negative and p27Kip1-negative IPCs at P8 in the entire cochlea of experimental mice. (E–E‴) Experimental samples were triple stained with Sox2, p27Kip1 and EdU. Arrows point to the same EdU+/Sox2-negative/p27Kip1-negative IPC. Arrowheads point to the same Sox2-negative IPC that maintained expression of p27Kip1 and was EdU-negative. IPHs maintained normal Sox2 expression and were EdU-negative. IPC: inner pillar cell; OPC: outer pillar cell; DCs: Deiters’ cells. Scale Bars: 20 μm.

Article Snippet: LacZ, E2F1 and Sox2 expression vectors were obtained from Addgene (plasmid 18816, 10736 and 13459).

Techniques: Control, Staining, Expressing

(A–B″) Triple staining of Sox2, pH3 and EdU in samples from Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental mice induced with tamoxifen at P6 and P7. Only Sox2 and nuclei labels were shown in (A). Arrowheads point to the same mitotic IPC (EdU+/pH3+/Sox2-negative) that migrated into the HC nuclei layer. (C–D′) Images were visualized at the HC layer (C) and SC layer (C′) of experimental samples. Arrows in (D) and (D′) point to the same IPC which is EdU+/BrdU-negative/calbindin-negative. (E) Quantification of EdU+ IPCs in the entire cochlea of experimental samples that were given at EdU at P8, and analyzed 6 hrs later or at P10. (F) Diagram of lineage tracing approach. (G–H‴) Triple staining of EGFP, BrdU and calbindin in experimental samples. Arrows in (G) and (H–H‴) point to the same IPC that was EGFP+/BrdU+/calbindin-negative. OHCs: outer hair cells; IHC: inner hair cell; IPC: inner pillar cell; GER: greater epithelium ridge. All scale bars: 20 μm except 200 μm in (C) and 10 μm in (H′).

Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Regulation of p27 Kip1 by Sox2 maintains quiescence of inner pillar cells in the murine auditory sensory epithelium

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0686-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–B″) Triple staining of Sox2, pH3 and EdU in samples from Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental mice induced with tamoxifen at P6 and P7. Only Sox2 and nuclei labels were shown in (A). Arrowheads point to the same mitotic IPC (EdU+/pH3+/Sox2-negative) that migrated into the HC nuclei layer. (C–D′) Images were visualized at the HC layer (C) and SC layer (C′) of experimental samples. Arrows in (D) and (D′) point to the same IPC which is EdU+/BrdU-negative/calbindin-negative. (E) Quantification of EdU+ IPCs in the entire cochlea of experimental samples that were given at EdU at P8, and analyzed 6 hrs later or at P10. (F) Diagram of lineage tracing approach. (G–H‴) Triple staining of EGFP, BrdU and calbindin in experimental samples. Arrows in (G) and (H–H‴) point to the same IPC that was EGFP+/BrdU+/calbindin-negative. OHCs: outer hair cells; IHC: inner hair cell; IPC: inner pillar cell; GER: greater epithelium ridge. All scale bars: 20 μm except 200 μm in (C) and 10 μm in (H′).

Article Snippet: LacZ, E2F1 and Sox2 expression vectors were obtained from Addgene (plasmid 18816, 10736 and 13459).

Techniques: Staining

(A–A‴) Double labeling of Sox2 and p27Kip1 at P2 in Prox1CreER/+; p27loxp/loxp (experimental) samples given tamoxifen at P0 and P1. Arrows point to the same Sox2+/p27Kip1-negative IPC. (B–B‴) Cross-section staining of EdU and Prox1 at P2. Arrows point to the same Prox1+/EdU+ PC. Similar results were observed at P4. IHC: inner hair cell; OHCs: outer hair cells; DC: Deiters’ cell; OPC: outer pillar cell; IPC: inner pillar cell. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Regulation of p27 Kip1 by Sox2 maintains quiescence of inner pillar cells in the murine auditory sensory epithelium

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0686-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–A‴) Double labeling of Sox2 and p27Kip1 at P2 in Prox1CreER/+; p27loxp/loxp (experimental) samples given tamoxifen at P0 and P1. Arrows point to the same Sox2+/p27Kip1-negative IPC. (B–B‴) Cross-section staining of EdU and Prox1 at P2. Arrows point to the same Prox1+/EdU+ PC. Similar results were observed at P4. IHC: inner hair cell; OHCs: outer hair cells; DC: Deiters’ cell; OPC: outer pillar cell; IPC: inner pillar cell. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Article Snippet: LacZ, E2F1 and Sox2 expression vectors were obtained from Addgene (plasmid 18816, 10736 and 13459).

Techniques: Labeling, Staining

(A–B′) Whole mount image of calbindin+ HCs in Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2+/+ control (A, A′) and Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental (B, B′) groups. Arrow in (B′) indicates 3 missed IHCs. (C) Projection image of the rectangular area in (B) showing loss of OHCs. (D–D′) Image of TUNEL and calbindin labeling in experimental mice at P16. Arrows indicate dying cells. IHCs: inner hair cells; OHCs: outer hair cells. Scale bars: 200 μm (B′); 20 μm (C–D′).

Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Regulation of p27 Kip1 by Sox2 maintains quiescence of inner pillar cells in the murine auditory sensory epithelium

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0686-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–B′) Whole mount image of calbindin+ HCs in Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2+/+ control (A, A′) and Fgfr3iCreER+; Sox2loxp/loxp experimental (B, B′) groups. Arrow in (B′) indicates 3 missed IHCs. (C) Projection image of the rectangular area in (B) showing loss of OHCs. (D–D′) Image of TUNEL and calbindin labeling in experimental mice at P16. Arrows indicate dying cells. IHCs: inner hair cells; OHCs: outer hair cells. Scale bars: 200 μm (B′); 20 μm (C–D′).

Article Snippet: LacZ, E2F1 and Sox2 expression vectors were obtained from Addgene (plasmid 18816, 10736 and 13459).

Techniques: Control, TUNEL Assay, Labeling

(A) Schematic of the luciferase construct used in the reporter assay. The blue region is a 3.8kb putative p27kip1 promoter fragment. (B–D) The effect of Sox2 overexpression on p27Kip1 transcriptional activity was measured in MEF (B), HELA (C) and HEK cells (D). All values were normalized to the negative control empty vector (EV), then compared to the positive control E2F1, or Sox2 overexpression. Minimal luciferase activity was detected when a promoter-less luciferase vector was used (empty-luc), with no increases occurring in the presence of Sox2 or E2F1. *<0.05. (E) Schematic of the p27-luciferase plasmid and amplicon location. (F) qPCR data from ChIP experiments performed in MEF cells transfected with p27-luciferase plasmid and Sox2. A significant enrichment of amplicon 7 (~1400 bp upstream of Luciferase ORF) was observed when the Sox2 antibody was used for ChIP.

Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Regulation of p27 Kip1 by Sox2 maintains quiescence of inner pillar cells in the murine auditory sensory epithelium

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0686-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of the luciferase construct used in the reporter assay. The blue region is a 3.8kb putative p27kip1 promoter fragment. (B–D) The effect of Sox2 overexpression on p27Kip1 transcriptional activity was measured in MEF (B), HELA (C) and HEK cells (D). All values were normalized to the negative control empty vector (EV), then compared to the positive control E2F1, or Sox2 overexpression. Minimal luciferase activity was detected when a promoter-less luciferase vector was used (empty-luc), with no increases occurring in the presence of Sox2 or E2F1. *<0.05. (E) Schematic of the p27-luciferase plasmid and amplicon location. (F) qPCR data from ChIP experiments performed in MEF cells transfected with p27-luciferase plasmid and Sox2. A significant enrichment of amplicon 7 (~1400 bp upstream of Luciferase ORF) was observed when the Sox2 antibody was used for ChIP.

Article Snippet: LacZ, E2F1 and Sox2 expression vectors were obtained from Addgene (plasmid 18816, 10736 and 13459).

Techniques: Luciferase, Construct, Reporter Assay, Over Expression, Activity Assay, Negative Control, Plasmid Preparation, Positive Control, Amplification, Transfection

The Sox2-p27Kip1 signaling pathway maintains the quiescent state of inner pillar cells (red). p27Kip1 itself is needed to keep outer pillar cells (blue) quiescent, whereas the identity of the upstream regulator is unclear. Neither Sox2 nor p27Kip1 is necessary to maintain the quiescence of Deiters’ cells (green).

Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Regulation of p27 Kip1 by Sox2 maintains quiescence of inner pillar cells in the murine auditory sensory epithelium

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0686-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: The Sox2-p27Kip1 signaling pathway maintains the quiescent state of inner pillar cells (red). p27Kip1 itself is needed to keep outer pillar cells (blue) quiescent, whereas the identity of the upstream regulator is unclear. Neither Sox2 nor p27Kip1 is necessary to maintain the quiescence of Deiters’ cells (green).

Article Snippet: LacZ, E2F1 and Sox2 expression vectors were obtained from Addgene (plasmid 18816, 10736 and 13459).

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